It was a rainy October day in 1886 and the Statue of Liberty was shrouded in a French flag. The weather was miserable and the ceremonial unveiling went poorly. The drapery was pulled off too soon (right in the middle of a speech), and the fireworks display had to be canceled and rescheduled. Still, over a million freezing New Yorkers came out (including a boat full of suffragettes, protesting the statue). While it’s hard for me to even imagine standing inside a crowd of that size, it’s harder still to imagine the Statue of Liberty herself, as she looked then. Before she was the verdigris icon, patron saint of many a bespoke paint color, she was copper-skinned. Brown, not green. a b Fitzgerald, K.P.; Nairn, J.; Atrens, A. (1998). "The chemistry of copper patination". Corrosion Science. 40 (12): 2029–2050. doi: 10.1016/s0010-938x(98)00093-6. ISSN 0010-938X. Make a mixture of water/white paint, preferably chalk style paint because it has the correct texture finish for this next step.

The word patina comes from the Italian patina (shallow layer of deposit on a surface), derived from the Latin patĭna (pan, shallow dish). Figuratively, patina can refer to any fading, darkening, or other signs of age, which are felt to be natural or unavoidable (or both). The easiest way to get acetic acid is to use vinegar. However, vinegar is not very concentrated and even distilled white vinegar is only around 10% acetic acid. Other vinegars can be used but tend to be slower, although they can provide slightly different colours due to impurities. The picture of verdigris in the intro is a sample made with distilled vinegar. The bad news is that evidence of verdigris is evidence of damage. The affected metal is compromised. Verdigris on prongs means they may not have the strength and structure hold stones in place. The damage means that functional parts like bails and clasps may come apart due to brittleness. It’s hard to imagine now, but people once gathered together freely, shoulders rubbing against shoulders, breath exchanged between lungs, bodies open to one another—all this closeness, almost a million people standing in a crowd just to watch a statue get undressed. Pastoureau, Michel (2013). Vert: Histoire d'une couleur (in French). Paris: Éditions du Seuil. ISBN 978-2-7578-6731-0.

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On metal, patina is a coating of various chemical compounds such as oxides, carbonates, sulfides, or sulfates formed on the surface during exposure to atmospheric elements ( oxygen, rain, acid rain, carbon dioxide, sulfur-bearing compounds). [2] In common parlance, weathering rust on steel is often mistakenly [3] referred to as patina. Patina also refers to accumulated changes in surface texture and color that result from normal use of an object such as a coin or a piece of furniture over time. [4] Not to say I have delved into this widely as yet. My research proved that there are so many different ways to produce sometimes surprising colours. For the sake of this blog, though, I thought it would be more fun – and accessible – to explore what household chemicals can do to create patinas. Copper and copper alloys like bronze will corrode with long exposure to the air. When it corrodes the copper takes on a blue-green colour. Corrosion is the oxidation of copper; a chemical reaction between copper and oxygen in which copper oxide can be produced. I make every effort to ensure the information contained in this instructable is correct and up to date. However, I accept no liability or responsibility for any problems due to any errors or omissions in the content of the instructable. If you are unsure of anything please research it further.

asking questions and developing a line of enquiry based on observations of the real world, alongside prior knowledge and experience;

Warm-Degrees of Verdigris

Twidale, C.R., and J.R. Vidal Romani (2005) Landforms and Geology of Granite Terrains. A.A. Balkema Publishers Leiden, The Netherlands. 330 pp. ISBN 0-415-36435-3

Emerald green was particularly popular with the Impressionists, including Paul Gauguin and Vincent van Gogh, both of whom in 1888 placed vivid reds next to Emerald green to create jarring contrasts in their paintings Arlésiennes (Mistral) and The Night Cafe. Van Gogh wrote of the Night Cafe: "The café is one of the most horrible I have every painted. But was intentional, because I tried to express the terrible passions of humanity by means of the red and green". [19] Its pronunciation in English is still unsettled" ( Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage (4 ed.) edited by: Jeremy Butterfield). The pronunciation /-ɡriːs/ is the first one given by Merriam-Webster's dictionary, but /-ɡriː/ is first in the Oxford Dictionary of English (3 ed.) (2015). Archaeologists also use the term patina to refer to a corticated layer that develops over time that is due to a range of complex factors on flint tools and ancient stone monuments. [1] This has led stone tool analysts in recent times to generally prefer the term cortification as a better term to describe the process than patination. [5] Are there any visible signs of reaction e.g. colour change, heat from the reaction (you might need to use a thermometer) etc.?Large deposits of malachite were mined by the Egyptians in the eastern desert and the west of Sinai.